A - personal explanation of time and why 'c'

[authorgonal]

I have just realised 'why' (imo) after watching a bit of a program on TV about waves (in water). Right now though I have to go and pick up daughter from work! Will return, I assume you can 'edit' stuff...

[authorgonal]

Ok well let's take this slowly. It's not so easy in some ways.
Watching the 'waves' program I realised that waves occur at the interface of one 'substance' with another. Sea (style) waves anyway.

I got to thinking about light waves. What 'edge' interface might they have. I suppose it was/is obvious to just about all who read this but it had not been something I had thought about much before.

I realised that the interface was that between 3d space and time.

Ok this leaves you cold. No wonder! To get a grip think about the balloon analogy. The balloon surface is 3d space. The interface is between the surface and the outside (if any) and the inside (if any).

Look up balloon analogy. Anyway I have this image of a balloon membrane/skin/surface that is space, vibrating wave form.

Suffice til tomorrow. discuss/argue now???

[authorgonal]

Ok then we have this image of some spherical skin vibrating with electromagnetic radiation. The direction of the amplitude (the bottom of the wave to the top of the wave) is radial ie in the direction of the radius of the sphere.

It could be, could it not(?), that the region outside of the spherical skin is 4 dimensional. That is, that there is an extra dimension to the three spatial dimensions (represented by the 2 dimensional skin (surface of the balloon)).

The additional dimension then might be called 'time'. The fourth dimension- time. A dimension perpendicular to the 3d space. Perpendicular to the spherical skin. That is time is a radial direction of the spherical balloon.

Given this arrangement then the amplitude of the wavelength of EMR (light) 'occupies' a piece of time that is more than an instant. The more the amplitude then the greater the 'occupation' of a fragment of time.

The latter is only there in argument to enhance our common understanding - although real.

[glactus]

It is interesting, isn't it. Especially when we consider that light waves may come in many different time frames and interfaces.


The Prism

For instance, it has long been on the mind of Astronomers that the light waves from all galaxies contain images of landscapes, the music of other civilizations as well as language and much, much, more.


Light waves

The distance between the waves and the time aligned to them may represent each of these sequences.


The wavelength interface. Does it contain a message?

Perhaps 3 D analysis of each interface may be required, who knows. Anyhow, we have not put enough into this type of research.

What we do know is that a pulsating light will carry temperature to a given point. In other words, if a pulsating beam of light is passed through a tube of very cold air, it will turn into a very cold light beam, and travelling at the speed of light does not allow a drop in temperature before it gets to beam length because there is another pulse directly behind it.

To harness the speed of light and use its enormous power, all we have to do is to find a carrier that will combine with the wave length interface and travel at the speed of light with the temperature.

The travelling temperature in this pulsating beam is the empty truck, all we have to do is fill it with cold mass to harness the enormous back pressure.


Light waves

Credits: these are free web images. Text by Glactus

[authorgonal]

That's odd, my last post seems to have gone missing. Glactus is jumping the gun somewhat, lol.
Ok so far we have a simple model that is fine for this explanation.
A balloon where the 'skin' is the 3d space of the universe. On the outside is either nothing ( not space, just non existance) the inside is the same, nothing. However, the concept that such out and in could be 4 or 5 dimensional nothing is sufficient for me to label it. Let's call it 'Hyperspace'.
We now have Electromagnetic Radiation EMR (light) waves vibrating at the interface of space and hyperspace. Remember the 'skin' is all of our 3d space of the universe. This 3d space is represented by the 2d surface - the balloon skin - to enable us to visualise it. Any light we see then is at this skin. This because we exist at an instant; the hyperspace is in the future or the past. The edge is the edge at the future. The interface is this edge.

[authorgonal]

So far nothing controversial. So, let's get started!

The mathematics of Relativity picks a point on the skin and develops logic from there. Fine, that's Ok of course however IMO it tends to hide the fact the such a point is always left behind by the expansion of the skin (an increase of the balloon radius/time). Special Relativity then immediately becomes a bit more complicated than necessary for a straightforward understanding.
I will show how to figure time dilation etc quite simply. I do this by recognising that we are moving forward in time - rather than at a time fixed point and relating everything back to that.
Maybe a bit more explanation:
Conventionally light is shown to describe a 'light cone' i.e. light moves at 45 degrees to the space (the skin). This is fine if we fix the origin such that it becomes the past (time moves on, lol).
My view is to move the spatial origin in step with time. This then shows light always in our 3d space as it moves forward in time. Instead of a 45 degree relationship to the skin it becomes flat at 90 degrees to time i.e. not at 45 degrees to the skin but as part of the skin. Nothing remarkable - just a different perception of the same thing. It adjusts thought a little.
tbc

[authorgonal]

Anyway, we can express this time mobile graph very simply by using our 90 degree relationship...

A horizontal line can be the skin (3d space) and a vertical line can be time. Light will always exist on the horizontal line and appear to be ZERO time. A stationary object (moving forward in time but not in space) would show only a consumtion of time (the vertical).

Now this is where we start to make some progress against my opening promise. Bear with me as I'll come at this from a few angles...

Time enables movement. No movement is no change. Seconds and metres are interchangeable measures [this statement is not controversial bye the way - just odd . Now, we can use energy and move on the skin that is move in space, or we can sit still and move through a second of time. Or maybe a mixture of both.

ALL our efforts are a mixture of movement in time and space. Light is only space!

Time moves on 1 second and light moves one second [this second we call approx 300,000km]. Light has no choice. OOPS I should add statements like "in a vacuum" and ask you to ignore light speed in water and other stuffs which do not contradict anything bye the way - the explasnations we can leave for now.

Everything we can observe HAS NO CHOICE BUT TO MOVE ONE SECOND. In the case of light that is one second entirely spatial {remember our skin expands in sync - ask if you want to challenge that statement!!}.

In the case of something at rest to the universe as a whole i.e. having movement that is radial (at 90 degrees to the skin) then the movement is wholly one second of time. For something moving with speed i.e. spatially and using then the 'mixture' has to add up to one second for one second of universal time.

Remember seconds and distance are essentially interchangeable units. All moving objects then have to - in one second - add to a single one unit equivalent to one second.

Go back to our simple horizontal for space and vertical for time.
at the origin (where they cross) make this the centre of a circle.
Obviously the circle intersects the horizontal and the vertical at the same distance from the origin. If we call this distance 1 second then the circle describes where something MUST exist after the passage of one second. Everything MUST move from the origin to the circle circumference after 1 second. All radii between the vertical and the horizontal describe objects having speed.
By reading off against the vertical and horizontal a precise result for time dilation and distance contraction can be measured. A very simple formula of pythagorus rather than the more complex conventional relativity SR formula. I'll express it mathematically later. In the meantime you can verify my statement.

TBC

[authorgonal]

Oh eck! That was a bit 'dry'. Let me sum that up this way.
The expansion of the skin OUTWARDS allows movement - forces it - either time or time and space. Bear in mind the expansion of space (the increase in the surface area of the skin/interface) is exactly in concert with the increase in the radius. Assuming spherical expansion - verify it yourself and calculate an accurate Hubble Constant.

You can see that the maximum spatial movement - if my hypothesis is correct - is that allowed (equivalent to) the movement through time of the universe's skin/interface. 1 second allows 1 second. The second either in metres or time.. 1 unit allows, actually forces, 1 unit.

The time value is a value of radial distance. If the universe expands its radius by 300,000km approx we experience 1 second.

Light, has no choice. We (and the universe) experience 1 second and light moves 300,000km, no variance. Max travel. Just logic as it has to stay at the interface (as does all bits in the universe) hmm maybe... Always 300,000km/sec

tbc

[authorgonal]

Now, in order to get some principle/ideas across some oversimplifications have to be made. For me in discussing and for you in understanding.

I need to address some of these. eg the expansion speed variation v constant c . Also the 5 dimensional model relationship.

In a new thread maybe we can look at the integration of Cosmology and Quantum Mechanics lol, bear in mind I am nobody, just a guy with an opinion.

[glactus]

No. Authorgonal, your post has not gone missing. That one as well as the rest of them are terrific. It's just that the substance which made up my reply is somewhere in the quantum mechanics of it all. It is there, but will our species ever be able to decode it, that is the question.

[authorgonal]

I have just remembered that I haven't looked at the more common 5d model...
Whereas the surface of the ballon analogy (2 dimensions) represents all space (3 dimensions) , in order to be able to at least get an idea of 5 dimensions we have to drop another dimension and represent 3d with just a line .. 1 dimension.
Why do this? well one reason is to show that although time can be spatial, it is still possible to have expansion happening fast and slow.
To do this instead of time being one second is 300,oookm in distance of radius added, we add another dimension such that the distance travelled might be the progression of a ring along a cone. The ring gets bigger, the distance moved by the ring on the cone surface being 300,000km = 1 second. expanding space is then the increase in circumference of the ring. Time is trhye distance the ring moves on the cone.
Now the thing is, the distance moved being one second = 300,000km, is the same whether it moves fast or slow. Gee what do I mean!!
Well if the shape was not a cone but was a trumpet and the ring headed for the wide end, then the xpansion (the ring) would happen faster (it would increase circumference per time significantly more). Remember time is just the distance on the surface of the trumpet. So, each 300,000km means the circumference of the ring expands proportionately faster.
If the shape carried on more extreme eventually the 5d space would become flat ...
The expansion could of course slow down. In that way the shape would become more of a cylinder... well trend toward a cylinder. NB Our day to day experience of time would not change in either senario because each surface travel of 300,000km is one second whether or not some 5d person could see the trumpet shape.
There is a mega danger in these analogies. Although they point to possibilities the logic narrows d**n quick. Too quick for negatives. Experiment and mathematics together have to point the way or rather the possibilities. It is a real pity that philosophy has given up on the task of interpretation and become woolly nonsense. This because the mathematics is not imo necessarily explanatory in a proper way and lazy minds can simply imply that all is counter intuitive expressed only in mathematical logic. Just lazy under powered IQ. Haha.
Yes yes I know I am wrong. I know I am thick. I just accuse experts of lazy selfish ness (or lack of imagination).

On that note I will return to sucking my thumb...

[glactus]

That is a terrific post Authorgonal. There are some oddities of course, as you will see below. Would you be able to explain to us how universal gravitation disrupts the pureness of the balloon effect?

-----------------------------------------------------------------

In matters pertaining to the expansion of the Universe, most astronomer relate to the balloon effects as the model most suited in explanation, but in reality it is only partly successful as a tool in cosmology.

In this model, as the Universe expands, the balloon expands evenly and in ratio with all objects on its surface, with all galaxies moving away from each other, but the Universe does not expand like that.

If the balloon effect was correct then Andromeda would be racing away from us instead of racing towards us, and there would be no galactic mergers, for this is how galactic structures grow to the sizes that we see them today.

So while it is true that galaxies are racing away from each other, they are still deeply entwined in the field of universal gravitation not explained in the balloon effect.

Clearly the explanation then, is with quantum physics and in a dimension not yet understood.


Black Eye galaxy

[authorgonal]

Hi Glactus, Good question.
Let me give a quick answer (standard answer) and see if that is good enough. If not I'll have another crack at it.

The expansion of space is modified by gravitationally bound objects.

The Earth is very gravitationally bound and therefore its spatial volume is not expanding in step with the universal expansion. Similarly the Solar system is gravitationally bound, and the galaxy and galactic clusters.

You can imagine that, depending on degree, some small expansion may occur in inter-globular space but that you will need to check. As a result the intergalactic voids is where spatial expansion is most prominent.

Regarding Andromeda. This bigger spiral galaxy may be gravitationally bound .. I do not know if it is. Probably not yet!
Given that it isn't then its approach is as a result of having spatial speed which happens to be toward us.

Although expansion results in galaxies rushing apart they have NO spatial speed (as a result of expansion). This can best be understood by realising that the separation of galaxies is as a result of space ADDING between them.

Imagine a rubber band (single strand of rubber) with marks separated by 10 centimeter intervals. Stretch the band and the marks separate (the first and the last separating at the highest speed). However NONE of the marks is moving along the band; they are all where you put the mark.

Similarly galaxies are separating at speed but are not moving through space. Now of course some/most are moving spatially but not as a result of spatial expansion. This is where Andromeda's approach comes in. It has spatial speed. That approach speed through space will be partially offset by intergalactic space expansion. That is (IMO) it may be approaching at "x" spatial velocity minus the degree of space added inbetween us!

Another point is that the balloon surface does not have to be glossy It probably has pits where mass exists and mounds where inter-galactic voids are. I'll cease there

[authorgonal]

A thought occurs to me to enhance the above by pointing out that one 'end of universe scenario' is that where the expansion does penetrate to all matter even atoms eventually expand splitting everything so much that there is nothing left.

[glactus]

Good explanation Authorgonal.




The Antennae